Isikhenkcisi yinkqubo yokudala iimeko zokupholisa ngokususa ubushushu.Ikakhulu isetyenziselwa ukugcina ukutya kunye nezinye izinto ezinokonakala, ukuthintela izifo ezibangelwa kukutya.Isebenza ngenxa yokuba ukukhula kweebhaktheriya kuyacotha kumaqondo obushushu asezantsi.
Iindlela zokugcina ukutya ngokupholisa zikho kangangamawaka eminyaka, kodwa isikhenkcisi sanamhlanje sisiveliso samva nje.Namhlanje, imfuno yefriji kunye ne-air conditioning imele phantse iipesenti ezingama-20 zokusetyenziswa kwamandla emhlabeni wonke, ngokutsho kwenqaku le-2015 kwi-International Journal yeRefrigeration.
Imbali
AmaTshayina asike kwaye agcina umkhenkce malunga ne-1000 BC, kunye neminyaka engama-500 kamva, amaYiputa namaNdiya afunda ukushiya iimbiza zobumba ngexesha lobusuku obubandayo ukwenza umkhenkce, ngokutsho kwe-Keep It Cool, inkampani yokufudumeza kunye nokupholisa eliseLake Park, eFlorida.Ezinye impucuko, njengamaGrike, amaRoma namaHebhere, zazigcina ikhephu emingxunyeni zize ziyigqume ngezinto ezahlukahlukeneyo ezikhuselayo, ngokutsho kwephephancwadi iHistory.Kwiindawo ezahlukahlukeneyo eYurophu ngenkulungwane ye-17, kwafunyaniswa ukuba isaltpeter inyibilika emanzini idala iimeko zokupholisa yaye yasetyenziselwa ukwenza umkhenkce.Ngenkulungwane ye-18, abantu baseYurophu babeqokelela umkhenkce ebusika, bawugalele ityuwa, bawusonge ngeflaneli, baze bawugcine ngaphantsi komhlaba apho wawuhlala khona kangangeenyanga.Umkhenkce wade wathunyelwa kwezinye iindawo zehlabathi, ngokutsho kwenqaku lika-2004 elapapashwa kwijenali ye-American Society of Heating, Refrigeration, and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE).
Ukupholisa umphunga
Ingcamango yokufakwa kwefriji ngoomatshini yaqala xa uWilliam Cullen, ugqirha waseSkotlani, waphawula ukuba ukuvela komphunga kwaba nesiphumo sokupholisa ngeminyaka yee-1720s.Wabonisa iimbono zakhe ngo-1748 ngokukhupha i-ethyl ether kwindawo engenanto, ngokutsho kwePeak Mechanical Partnership, inkampani yemibhobho yamanzi kunye nokufudumeza eseSaskatoon, eSaskatchewan.
UOliver Evans, umyili waseMerika, wayila kodwa akazange akhe umatshini wokukhenkceza owawusebenzisa umphunga endaweni yolwelo ngowe-1805. Ngowe-1820, isazinzulu esiliNgesi uMichael Faraday wasebenzisa iammonia elulwelo ukuze ipholise.UJacob Perkins, owayesebenza noEvans, wafumana ilungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza lomjikelo we-vaporcompression cycle usebenzisa ulwelo ammonia ngo-1835, ngokweMbali yeRefrigeration.Ngenxa yoko, maxa wambi ubizwa ngokuba “nguyise wesikhenkcezisi.” UJohn Gorrie, ugqirha waseMerika, naye wenza umatshini ofana nowenziwa nguEvans ngowe-1842. UGorrie wayesebenzisa ifriji yakhe, eyenza umkhenkce, ukupholisa izigulana ezineyellow fever. kwisibhedlele saseFlorida.UGorrie wafumana i-patent yokuqala yase-US ngendlela yakhe yokwenza umkhenkce ngokwenziwa ngo-1851.
Abanye abaqambi kwihlabathi liphela baqhubekile nokuphuhlisa iindlela ezintsha kunye nokuphucula iindlela ezikhoyo zefriji, ngokutsho kwePeak Mechanical, kubandakanya:
UFerdinand Carré, injineli yaseFransi, wenza isikhenkcisi esasisebenzisa umxube oneammonia namanzi ngowe-1859.
UCarl von Linde, isazinzulu saseJamani, wenza umatshini ophathwayo wefriji wecompressor usebenzisa imethyl ether ngo-1873, kwaye ngo-1876 watshintshela kwi-ammonia.Ngowe-1894, uLinde wavelisa iindlela ezintsha zokunyibilikisa umoya omkhulu.
Ngo-1899, uAlbert T. Marshall, umqambi waseMelika, unelungelo elilodwa lomenzi wefriji yokuqala yoomatshini.
Isazi sefiziksi esaziwayo uAlbert Einstein wanika ilungelo elilodwa lomenzi kwifriji ngo-1930 ngombono wokudala ifriji ehambelana nokusingqongileyo engenazo iindawo ezihambayo kwaye ayizange ithembele kumbane.
Udumo lwezikhenkcisi ezithengiswayo lwakhula ngasekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-19 ngenxa yemizi-mveliso yotywala, ngokutsho kwePeak Mechanical, apho kwafakelwa ifriji yokuqala kwindawo yokuthengisa utywala eBrooklyn, eNew York, ngowe-1870. yayinefriji.
Umzi-mveliso wokupakisha inyama walandela isikhenkcisi sokuqala esaziswa eChicago ngowe-1900, ngokutsho kwephephancwadi iHistory, yaye phantse kwiminyaka eli-15 kamva, phantse zonke izityalo zokupakisha inyama zazisetyenziselwa iifriji. yayinefriji.
Namhlanje, phantse onke amakhaya e-United States - ipesenti ze-99 - ubuncinane enye ifriji, kwaye malunga neepesenti ze-26 zamakhaya ase-US angaphezulu kweyodwa, ngokwengxelo ye-2009 yeSebe lezaMandla laseMelika.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jul-04-2022